Häverism

Häverism is a political philosophy as formulated and implemented by the Hellish political theorist and statesman Peter Häver in the latter half of the 75th century. As a political system, the term Häverism is largely associated with the so-called Total Häverism of Helreich and the Stolvic Commonwealth which was declared in 7492 and abandoned for the concept of Orderism by 7598. The principles of the philosophy, political system and implementation in the framework of Helreich were presented in a publication simply called “Manifesto” by Peter Häver in 7506. After his death in 75XX, most of the reprints and translations were published as the “Häverist Manifesto”, as such coining the term Häverism for this philosophy and system.

Outside Helreich, Häverism was advocated by several political parties in many Anarian nations. Several rebel groups, secession movements and revolutionaries identified as Häverist during the 76th century, trying to establis the Häverist political system in their territories as well. In 7579, a Häverist inspired revolution created the Aedelish Technate that replaced the conservative Sunnist-Orkanan political constellation of the Imperial Republic of Aedeland. In its turn, the Häverist Technate was dismantled shortly after and replaced by the Aedelish Republic. The modernist and technocratic ideology is a direct predecessor to current day Orderism.

History of Häverism

In the 7470’s many of Helland’s citizens started opposing the way the traditional aristocracy and the imperial family was running the nation. A turning point was the Südentor Market Massacre of October 7472, which turned the protest movement into a revolutionary one, where the Decemberist Movement led by Peter Häver gathered many supporters among the common class and poverty stricken families of Helland.

By late December 7472, the movement was successful in the siege of Hoffnung and the killing of Kaiser Frederick Sävert III. Häver set up a temporary government on January 2nd 7473, announcing the removal of the monarchy. After this Decemberist Revolution, the newly established government announced the immediate withdrawal from the Tandem Wars, declaring an end to fighting on all fronts.

With the Decemberists in power, Peter Häver’s theories became the most influential ideology throughout the reform period. Under the guidance of the Anführer and the Gründer, Peter Häver's ideals of sustainable, long lasting, equitable development were implemented on a national level. Where towns and cities had suffered from heavy battle damages, new urbanates and agrinates were built. This supported the creation of the most efficient society, including energy accounting and the utilization of the distribution apparatus. The Declaration of Total Häverism came on April 4th, 7492rh, the day that the national Distribution Apparatus was implemented.

At that time, Häverist Helreich and its colonies got more and more involved in the Pan Anarian War. Helreich became a wartime economy and dealt with what is now called "scarcity industrialism". As the war continued, Hellish society adjusted to the changing dynamics of life with expensive energy and resources as the military got priority. This shift included an entire geo-economic change in how energy and resources were used. People moved more and more to the high density urbanates and to a lesser extent the agrinates. The expensive energy costs also sparked a renaissance of thermodynamic-conscious designs. Industries were forced to content with the limitations the war gave by implementing cradle-to-cradle designs that focused on the conservation and reusability of resources.

As a consequence of the flux of people moving towards urbanates and agrinates, historical rural towns were largely abandoned by their inhabitants as they were energy-expensive to connect to the rest of the economy and offered little in employment. This shift created two distinct cultures that define the nation, the pro-urban, energy and resource efficient, urbanites, and those of who decided to remain on the countryside and developed self sufficiency.

At the end of the Pan Anarian War, the Stolvic Häverist Commonwealth was declared. With the removal of the Wolgos from Mörenburg by Hellish forces, Mörenburg had fallen under Häverist influence with the establishment of the Häverist-led government in 7554RH. Also in the ending years of the war, Helreich found itself in possession of the Wolgos homeland and created it into the new Häverist state of Rissland. The post-war demographic boom resulted in many Hellish people moving to Rissland, New Hapsburg and other Altaian colonies.

Ironically enough, the spread of Häverism towards Aedeland marked the beginning of the end of the political system. In 7579 the ban on Häverist political parties in Aedeland was lifted, upon which the party became the largest in the following elections. In 7581 a complete transition to a Häverist state was declared in the form of the Aedelish Technate. It led to opposing forces taking refuge in neighboring countries, where they regrouped for a counterrevolution. In 7584 insurgencies started on a large scale, resulting in the establishment of a non-Häverist government in the Austland province.

When Helreich came to Aedeland’s aide, the democratic nations and monarchies of Anaria turned against them, starting with Vittmark who started supporting the Austland regime militarily. In 7590 Austland was occupied completely by combined Vittmarker and Aldsay forces, but the anti-Häverist forces were unable at that time to force a breakthrough. However, the Wolgos started attacking Rissland, making the Häverist having to focus on two fronts.

The war effort took its toll on the industries and society of the Häverist side, unable to support the industrial and societal requirements with the technological approach. In order to avoid complete collapse, Häverism was reformed into Orderism. The reform was more than nominal, because the Anarian opponents had to accept it in order to end hostilities.

Häverism in Helreich

The Häverist Commonhold of Helreich government was built around the principles of long-term efficiency and sustainability of a society. Split into separate tiers, the Häverist government of Helreich was set up for maximum efficiency and sustainability while creating high living standards for all through careful analysis and design.

Häverist philosophy and ideas support the creation of a governing body that can monitor, analyze, and improve most aspects of Hellish society. Local Urbanate and Agrinate councils and public forums remained the center of decision making in government at first. The use of forums allowed the local government to monitor problems within society, the councils analyzed potential solutions to problems through the use of science and technology.

Anführer

Executive power of the Stolvic Häverist Commonwealth and the Häverist Commonhold of Helreich was vested in the Anführer, who acted as the head of government and head of state. When in power, the Anführer had near limitless political power as long as it did not interfere with the laws given by the Articles of the Häverist Commonhold of Helland.

The Anführer was the chief executive officer of the nation and was responsible for co-creating and enforcing the rule of law. The Anführer's legislative powers are equal to that of the National Gründer and cannot pass laws without majority approval from them, and vice versa.

The Anführer's military authority was near absolute during times of war, but more limited in times of peace with a Volksforum appointed civilian-council each sharing 50% of military command. This division of military command was created within the first 20 years of the creation of the Häverist State as a method of regulating the powers of the Anführer and to check his power, and vice versa.

Gründer

The National Gründer (Founders) was the main decision making body of the Häverist Commonhold of Helland and responsible for the daily continuation of the functions of Helreich. Chosen for their unique specialties in different fields along with analysis and scientific backgrounds, members of the National Gründer were educated for the construction of a better society for all. The National Gründer was the main legislator and administrative body of the nation, with its legislative powers equal to that of the Anführer's. Both needed to pass laws.

Volksforum

The Volksforum was the governmental body that was responsible for balancing the power between the Anführer and the National Gründer. The Volksforum was made up of elected citizens of the Commonhold who had the proper education to qualify. Although they do not have any power to pass laws, the Volksforum serves as a regulatory body and has many special powers such as approving nominations for National Gründer members and the Anführer. They also have the special ability to allow for the Anführer to remain in power despite Gründer's power to choose a new Anführer. The Volksforum is also responsible for dealing with fraud within the government and can establish ethics committees to research into a matter, and ultimately send the matter to the High Court of Hoffnung.

Even in an Orderist setting, the Volksforum has a similar role up to today, even though the titles of Anführer and Gründer have been replaced by a new constellation.

Law and legal system

The highest form of law within the Häverist Commonhold of Helland were the "Articles of the Häverist Commonhold of Helland", which was interpreted by the High Court of Hoffnung. The Articles of the Häverist Commonhold of Helland were solely based on the main ideology formulated by Peter Häver. As a Häverist State, the law is slanted for Citizens and is for the greater good of society. Citizens are granted all rights under the Articles of the Häverist Commonhold of Helland, and are innocent until proven guilty and have the right to a public trial by jury and Judiciary council. Partial-citizens are granted the same rights, although depending on the case and reasons, are only held to an extent. Orkanan law still maintained roots within Helreich during the Häverist era, in the form of Stellist-Orkanist law.

Häverism in Aedeland

The collapse of the Straits Cartel in 7579 led to a geo-political realignment that isolated Aedeland from traditional allies and strengthened ties with former enemies: Helreich and Anat Tahan. As a result, the ban against Häverism that had been in place since the latter days of the Pan Anarian War in the 7550’s was lifted. Popular unrest in the spring of 7579, starting with Häverist student protests in the eastern Aedelish state of Valland, led to a nation-wide political crisis that culminated in the emergency suspension of provisions of the constitution to allow for democratic elections. The Häverist party won a narrow majority in both the Lögrétta and Folkmōt, known as the Bloodless Revolution of 7579.

Once in power, the Häverists fully suspended the Aedelish constitution and initiated a new system of government modeled on that of Häverist Helreich. Aedeland's colonial possessions were granted nominal independence within a new Aedelish Häverist Commonwealth.

Instrumental in the implementation of Häverism in Aedeland was Dr. Max Müller. He and his committee of pre-eminent scientists and academics selected the people needed to implement a plan of reform known as the "Forward Initiative" that completely wanted to transform Aedelish society. Aedeland as a unitary Häverist technocracy was structured and organized to optimize efficiency with a strong centralized authority allowing a complete mandate to act unhindered by philosophic concepts of human equality, democracy, and political economy. As such, Aedelish Häverism differed from the original Hellish Häverism, where equal opportunities were a cornerstone of the movement and decentralization a key element in government.

Executive power rested solely in the Fører who held absolute responsibility, unconditionally combined with absolute will. The Fører alone possessed executive supremacy and thereby ultimate power over all other political bodies within the Technate. The Fører was assisted by an executive staff including the administrative heads of the four special sequences and the two functional sequences. The Fører was elected by the Control Secretariat, an advisory body that approximates the function of a legislature and composed of senior administrators who had risen to the head of their various functional areas of expertise on the basis of ability. The Fører was meant to continue in office until retirement or death.

Embracing every socially useful function performed within the Technate, functions were the basic organizational unit composed of all the people within a functional type. A functional sequence is one of the larger industrial or service units including all related functions in the direct vertically integrated sequence. The number of functional sequences was however arbitrary and were created or discarded as required. The major Industrial Sequences were transportation (railroads, waterways, airways, highways, and pipelines); communication (mail, telephone, telegraph, and radio); agriculture (farming, ranching, dairying, etc.), and the major industrial units such as textiles, iron and steel, etc. Among the Service Sequences were education and public health (medical, dental, public health, hospitals and pharmaceutical plants).

Since no sequence of functions is independent of or can be isolated from the remaining functions, four special functional sequences existed to obtain the highly necessary synchronization and coordination between all the various functions. The Home Office performed both the administration of social policy, to include coordination of human resources and implementation of Research Office policy, and the administration of justice through a system of summary courts. In both general functional sequences and special functional sequences, positions are filled or vacated by appointment.

The military of Aedeland achieved far greater independence under the new system of government than it ever had under the republican government. The idea was to let a well equipped military with ample funding and a high grade of autonomy carry out the Technate’s agenda mainly abroad, especially in colonies like Büle and the Hannayahs. This exploitation elsewhere was a key element to create wealth for the middle classes in Aedeland, upon which the Häverists relied for support.

But when faced with domestic uprisings, insurgencies by trained refugees from neighboring countries and ultimately the occupation of Austland by rebel forces, the morale in the military quickly deteriorated with many leaving the armed services and youngsters trying to evade military duty. A total reform of the military came too late to turn the tide and even with the military support of Helreich the Technate slowly started to lose grip on the nation since few Aldsay were ready to pick up arms to combat fellow Aldsay for the Technate’s Häverist cause.

By 7590 a stalemate in the armed conflict was reached, of which the Häverist side in the Pan Stoldavic War did not recover. When the Wolgos took the opportunity to attack colonial possessions, including the Stolvic Commonwealth’s holding in Rissland, the Häverists were forced to reform in order to turn their attention towards the Wolgos threat, fighting on the same side as their opponents from the Pan Stoldavic War.

The Technate collapsed in 7592, 13 years after its declaration and exactly 100 years after the Decemberist Revolution in Helland. Helreich implemented a puppet regime in the capital but wasn’t able to avoid the disintegration of Aedelish society and production. It was able to withstand the pressure from Vittmark by military force, but unable to turn the events. It was obvious that the extreme form of the Häverist Technate had failed at its first hard test, which opened the eyes of the Häverists in Helreich for necessary reforms in order to take a planned economy for the benefit of all, based on an energy accounting system into the next century.

Bases of the philosophy

Society in Häverism is based on energy, not money. "A Helreich which would match available resources to society’s needs, with a minimum expenditure of energy for maximum social gain for all citizens. An Apparatus for the people" Peter Häver described the system in the "Häverist Manifesto" in 7506RH. The economy is centered around the use of energy as a medium for the economy and distribution, rather than the use of the inefficient monetary system followed by most of Anaria. The center of the economy is the state's distribution body and regulator, the Distribution Apparatus. Its responsibilities include regulating and monitoring resource and energy use, and auditing of business's energy use and transparency.

Economic theory

At its foundation in the 7470’s, the economic model of Bernhard Eberhart dominated: an energy-based command economy where the mind-set of the economists and technocrats was that careful calculations of a specialized and well educated distribution apparatus would run the economy in the most efficient way, thus creating a solid base for a modernist society. But the command economy proved to be too complicated and burdensome for a bureaucratic think-tank to manage and consequently led to shortages and surpluses in different markets. During the Pan-Anarian War the so-called Theissian Reformations were carried out in order to address the problem. They were formulated by and implemented under Anführer Hans Theiss. The reforms consisted of decreasing the power and control of the distribution apparatus and shifting the economy to a more supply and demand controlled economy.

Society

Hellish society in the 76th century was based on the idea of a New Class, where every citizen contributed to the social and economic mechanism. As a result, high standards of living and free education became available to all citizens. Children learned what was needed to become a citizen with focus on a specific role within a 'caste'. Every citizen within any of the castes were guaranteed certain basic rights for their work, like proper living quarters based on needs of individual and residential unit, a job within the distribution apparatus respective to their caste and talents, civil rights and justice when needed.

This stratification of society became a common denominator within Häverist society. Out of the New Class, a few were chosen based on student observation and academic aptitude, for admittance into the Häverist Academia. Those chosen continued to take on important duties within the state, such as engineers, architects, planners, staticians, urban planners, military planners and commanders, ship captains, and diplomats.

Industry

Industry within the Commonholds of the Stolvic Häverist Commonwealth were vastly different from those of other industrial nations at the time, focusing on Cradle-to-Cradle design and use for the majority of its products. Strict regulation set up by the State and implemented by the Distribution Apparatus has evolved since. Based on the theory that there are two major metabolisms in human society, biological and technological metabolisms, Cradle-to-Cradle products were designed with the afterward use of the product in mind. The harsh years from the Tandem Wars inspired Peter Häver to envision the Cradle-to-Cradle production where large amounts of materials were needed to maintain the war effort against Livaria. Severe material shortages of the Pan-Anarian War created the need for the complete implementation of such design principles.